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Income Tax Calculator

Income Tax Calculator 2024–2025

Estimate your federal income tax using IRS inflation-adjusted brackets. See your estimated tax liability, refund/amount owed based on withholding, effective tax rate, and bracket breakdown.

Last Updated: January 2026 | Coverage: 2024–2025 (Federal)

How is Federal Income Tax Calculated?

Federal Income Tax is calculated using a progressive tax bracket system where different portions of your income are taxed at increasing rates (10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35%, 37%). Your taxable income (income minus deductions) determines which brackets apply.

Tax Information

Uses IRS inflation‑adjusted brackets and standard deduction for the selected year.
$
Total income before deductions
$
Above‑the‑line adjustments that reduce AGI (e.g., certain retirement/HSA deductions). Optional.
$
Used to estimate refund (if withheld > tax) or amount owed (if withheld < tax). Credits not included.

Note: This calculator shows federal income tax only.

State/local taxes, FICA (Social Security/Medicare), AMT, and most credits are not included.

This calculator provides an estimate for U.S. federal income tax (Form 1040) and is for informational purposes only. It does not include state/local income tax, payroll taxes (Social Security/Medicare), AMT, or most credits/deductions. Always verify with IRS forms/instructions or a tax professional.
Estimated Federal Income Tax(2025)
$8,114
Gross Income
$75,000
AGI (Estimate)
$75,000
Marginal Rate
22.0%
Effective Rate
10.8%
Effective Rate (of AGI)
10.8%
Estimated Amount Owed
$8,114
Filing Status:Single
Deduction Used:$15,000
Taxable Income:$60,000
Federal Withholding:$0
View Tax Bracket Breakdown
10.0% bracket:
$1,193
on $11,925
12.0% bracket:
$4,386
on $36,550
22.0% bracket:
$2,536
on $11,525
Total Tax:$8,114
Calculator inputs stay on your device (local processing).

Disclaimer: All calculators on this website are provided for informational and illustrative purposes only. The results do not constitute professional advice (including legal, tax, financial, medical, or other advice). Despite careful programming, we assume no liability for the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the results. For matters requiring professional advice, we recommend consulting an appropriate specialist (e.g., a tax advisor, lawyer, accountant, or physician).

1

How Federal Income Tax Works (In Plain English)

The U.S. federal income tax is progressive: different “slices” of your taxable income are taxed at different rates. Being “in the 22% bracket” does not mean you pay 22% on all your income.

  • Gross income: your income before adjustments and deductions.
  • Adjusted gross income (AGI): gross income minus certain “above‑the‑line” adjustments.
  • Taxable income: AGI minus the standard deduction (or itemized deductions).

This calculator estimates tax on taxable income using federal tax brackets, then compares it with your federal tax withheld to estimate a refund or balance due.

2

Why Trust This Calculator?

We use a transparent bracket‑by‑bracket calculation and show both the marginal and effective tax rate to help you understand your result.

For deeper planning, pair this with our paycheck calculator (to estimate withholding) and salary calculator.

Bracket‑by‑Bracket (Progressive) Calculation

We compute tax by applying each bracket rate only to the portion of taxable income inside that bracket.

Standard or Itemized Deduction

Use the standard deduction for your filing status, or input an itemized deduction amount if you plan to itemize.

Refund / Amount Owed (Withholding)

If you enter federal tax withheld, we estimate whether you’d get a refund or owe money at filing (credits not included).

Income Tax Calculator

Estimate your U.S. federal income tax for 2024 or 2025. This calculator uses IRS inflation‑adjusted brackets and standard deductions, and can estimate refund/amount owed based on your federal withholding.

What This Calculator Includes (and What It Doesn’t)

Included

  • Federal progressive brackets (2024 or 2025)
  • Standard deduction by filing status
  • Optional itemized deduction amount
  • Refund/amount owed estimate using federal withholding

Not included

  • Tax credits (Child Tax Credit, EITC, education credits, etc.)
  • Payroll taxes (Social Security/Medicare), self-employment tax
  • State/local income taxes
  • AMT and many special rules

Quick Reference: Standard Deduction (2024 vs 2025)

The standard deduction reduces your taxable income before brackets apply. If your itemized deductions are lower than the standard deduction, most people benefit from taking the standard deduction.

Filing status20242025
Single$14,600$15,000
Married Filing Jointly$29,200$30,000
Head of Household$21,900$22,500
Married Filing Separately$14,600$15,000

Tip: If you plan to itemize, use the calculator’s “Itemize” option and enter your expected total itemized deductions.

How Tax Brackets Work (Quick Example)

Tax brackets apply progressively. Only the income within each bracket is taxed at that bracket’s rate.

  1. Start with gross income (and subtract adjustments to get AGI, if any).
  2. Subtract the standard deduction (or itemized deduction) to get taxable income.
  3. Apply each bracket rate to the portion of taxable income in that bracket.

This is why your effective tax rate is usually much lower than your top (marginal) bracket.

5 Quick Tax Facts (Worth Knowing)

“Ciekawostki” mogą pomagać pod SEO, jeśli są ściśle związane z intencją (tu: zrozumienie wyniku i decyzje podatkowe). Poniżej są fakty, które realnie pomagają użytkownikom zinterpretować wynik kalkulatora.

  1. Top bracket ≠ rate on all income. Marginal rate applies only to the last slice of taxable income, while effective rate is your total tax divided by income.
  2. Deductions save at your marginal rate. A $1,000 deduction doesn’t save $1,000—it saves roughly $100–$370 depending on your bracket.
  3. Withholding drives refunds. A “big refund” often means you overpaid during the year (it can be a forced savings account), not that your tax is high.
  4. AGI matters beyond tax brackets. Many credits and deductions phase out based on AGI, so reducing AGI can have outsized benefits (this calculator uses a simplified AGI input).
  5. Most exact refunds depend on credits. Credits can change your final result dramatically, so treat the refund/owed figure here as a baseline estimate.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q:Does this calculator estimate a refund?

Yes—if you enter your estimated federal tax withheld, we compare it to your estimated federal income tax. If withholding is higher than the estimated tax, the difference is shown as an estimated refund. If it’s lower, the difference is an estimated amount owed. This does not include most credits, which can change refunds significantly.

Q:What’s the difference between marginal and effective tax rate?

Marginal rate is the rate on your last dollar of taxable income (your top bracket). Effective rate is total federal income tax divided by your gross income—your overall average tax rate.

Q:Standard deduction or itemize—what should I choose?

Most filers take the standard deduction because it’s higher and simpler. Itemizing typically only makes sense if your total itemized deductions exceed the standard deduction for your filing status.

Q:Does this include state taxes or payroll taxes (FICA)?

No. This calculator estimates federal income tax only. It does not include state/local income taxes or payroll taxes like Social Security and Medicare.

Q:Why doesn’t this match my exact tax return?

Real returns can differ due to tax credits, additional deductions/adjustments, taxable benefits, self-employment tax, AMT, and other rules. Use this as a planning estimate and verify with IRS forms/instructions.